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By Susan Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN Objectives: Describe the practice of medicine in Nazi Germany. Analyze medical practice and governmental policies that became united in their focus. Discuss ethical violations that were perpetrated upon people deemed to be inferior.

Part I: Racism and Anti-Semitism Part II: Eugenics and "Racial Hygiene" in Europe and America By Susan Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN Objectives: Describe anti-Semitism at the time Hitler came to power. Analyze how Hitler used racism and anti-Semitism as a basis for blame for economic, social, and health threats. Discuss racism and anti-Semitism as bases for eventual Nazi policies regarding marriage, sterilization, and legal and economic sanctions against “inferior” people.

Dr. Susan C. Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN acts as Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, as well as Department Chair at University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Nursing. She also serves Co-Director of the Campus-Wide Program in Interprofessional Ethics. This module covers the role of physicians, nurses, and caregivers in the destruction of the Jews in Europe. It includes suggested readings, discussion points, and synopsis.

How can we move from the horrors of the Eugenics movement to today’s notion of “clinical genetics.” This article discusses the supposed advances in the area of genetics with a careful eye on the past failures of the Eugenics movement.

Dr. Susan C. Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN is Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, Department Chair at University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Nursing, along with her role as Co-Director of the Campus-Wide Program in Interprofessional Ethics. Objectives: Describe the policies that led to the sterilization laws in the US and Germany. Analyze the impact of these laws. Discuss how these laws laid the ground work for the “euthanasia” program.

Part I: The Children's Euthanasia Program Part II: Adult Euthanasia: The T-4 Killing Program Part III: "Wild" Euthanasia Dr. Susan C. Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN is Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, Department Chair at University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Nursing, along with her role as Co-Director of the Campus-Wide Program in Interprofessional Ethics. Objectives: To identify the major historical factors leading to the children’s euthanasia program To describe the major beliefs of the German people and the German culture consistent with the development of the children’s euthanasia program To specifically appraise the roles of physicians and nurses in these killings To analyze the connections between the killing of disabled children and the application of racial hygiene policy To identify your feelings and thoughts about the value of the individual and society’s responsibility to protect vulnerable groups To discuss the relevancy of this module to contemporary practice

Dr. Susan C. Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN is Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, Department Chair at University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Nursing, along with her role as Co-Director of the Campus-Wide Program in Interprofessional Ethics. The module is an overview of how nurses and physicians in the Third Reich, sworn to care for their patients, became killers. This section comes with suggested reading, discussion, and a synopsis, as well as a PowerPoint entitled “From Caregivers to Killers.”

Dr. Susan C. Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN serves as Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, as well as Department Chair at University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Nursing. She acts as Co-Director of the Campus-Wide Program in Interprofessional Ethics. The unit describes the role of physicians and nurses in furthering “racial hygiene” in the Third Reich. Included are questions for discussion, as well as reading and an overview section.

Dr. Susan C. Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN is Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, and Department Chair at University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Nursing; she is also the Co-Director of the Campus-Wide Program in Interprofessional Ethics. This module includes information on the role played by doctors and nurses in experiments designed to increase the survival of German troops. The learning unit includes a reading list, study questions, and an overview of this historical theme.

Dr. Susan C. Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN: Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, Department Chair at University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Nursing, and Co-Director of the Campus-Wide Program in Interprofessional Ethics. This unit covers the fate of the Nazi perpetrators in the post-war trials, and is complete with reading list, questions, and overview. The module also includes a PowerPoint on the Nuremberg Doctors’ Trial.

Dr. Susan C. Benedict, CRNA, PhD, FAAN is a Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health. She is also Department Chair at University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Nursing and Co-Director of the Campus-Wide Program in Interprofessional Ethics. This is a unit on contemporary medical and current events read through the lens of Nazi atrocities; it is complete with reading, discussion questions, and overview. There is also a PowerPoint on the dangers of transgression in a post-1945 environment.

Dr. Ashley K. Fernandes, MD, PhD, is the Assoc. Director at the Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Assoc. Prof. of Pediatrics at the Ohio State University College of Medicine, and an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. In this proposal for 4th year competency, Dr. Fernandes covers topics such as the Philosophy of Medicine, the Philosophy of Science: Eugenics & the Objectivity of Science, Research Ethics: Learning from Nazi, Japanese, and Soviet Research Abuse, and Anti-Semitism and The Final Solution, amongst others. The proposal recommends the following as a service project: “Clinical/Service Experience with Vulnerable Population (40 hrs., minimum): Student must set up their own clinical or service experience with an “historically vulnerable population” (targeted in the Holocaust).” Objectives: 1. Philosophy of Medicine: Why An Oath? Why the Holocaust? Philosophy of Science: Eugenics & the Objectivity of Science Medical Education in Wartime: Belsinitis & Pernkopf’s Atlas Research Ethics: Learning from Nazi, Japanese, and Soviet Research Abuse Anti-Semitism: Persons as “Others” in Medicine Children & the Disabled: Euthanasia, pediatric, & disability ethics The Final Solution: Philosophical Anthropologies & the Impact on Medicine Christians, Conscience, & Cooperation: Moral Principles of Cooperation & Responsibility Theodicy: Medicine & Spirituality Nuremberg & the Liberation: Can we change medicine? Aftermath: Lessons Learned